Ageing biology asks why cells lose function over time. Recurring subjects include mitochondria (the structures that generate cellular energy), NAD+ (a coenzyme central to energy metabolism that declines with age), senescent cells that stop dividing but do not clear, and telomeres at the ends of chromosomes.
Lifespan claims deserve particular scepticism in this area. Nearly all lifespan data comes from short-lived animals, and results in mice have repeatedly failed to reproduce in humans. Entries state which species a finding came from.
28 entries in this research area
- 5-Amino-1MQSmall molecule studied for its effect on NAD+ levels and fat metabolism. Not a peptide.Animal study
- AICAR (Acadesine)AMPK-activating compound studied as an exercise mimetic; banned in competitive sport.Animal study
- BAM-15Mitochondrial uncoupler studied in obesity research as a safer alternative to older uncouplers.Animal study
- Bronchogen (AEDL)Short peptide from the Khavinson bioregulator programme, studied in lung tissue research.Review or meta-analysis
- Cardiogen (AEDR)Khavinson bioregulator peptide studied in cardiac tissue research.Review or meta-analysis
- Cartalax (AED peptide)Khavinson bioregulator tripeptide studied in cartilage and connective tissue research.Early human study
- Chonluten (EDG)Khavinson bioregulator tripeptide studied in respiratory tissue research.Review or meta-analysis
- Cortagen (AEDP)Khavinson bioregulator peptide studied in brain and nerve tissue research.Animal study
- Crystagen (EDP)Three-amino-acid Khavinson bioregulator identified in thymus extract, studied in immune ageing research.Laboratory study
- Epitalon (Epithalon)In catalogueFour-amino-acid Khavinson bioregulator studied in telomere, melatonin and ageing research.Animal study
- FOXO4-DRI (FOXO4-D-Retro-Inverso)Senolytic peptide studied for clearing worn-out cells. Evidence is limited to animal work.Animal study
- Glutathione (GSH)The body's main antioxidant tripeptide, studied in oxidative stress research.Controlled clinical trial
- Humanin (HN)First mitochondria-encoded peptide identified, discovered in Alzheimer's research and studied in ageing.Laboratory study
- Livagen (KEDA)Khavinson bioregulator peptide studied in liver and chromatin research.Review or meta-analysis
- MOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c)In cataloguePeptide encoded by mitochondrial DNA, studied in exercise, insulin sensitivity and ageing research.Animal study
- NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)In catalogueCoenzyme central to cellular energy production, widely studied in ageing and metabolism research.Controlled clinical trial
- Ovagen (EDL)Khavinson bioregulator tripeptide studied in liver and gut tissue research.
- Pancragen (KEDW)Khavinson bioregulator peptide studied in pancreatic tissue and glucose research.Animal study
- Pinealon (EDR)Three-amino-acid Khavinson bioregulator studied in neuroprotection and cognitive research.Laboratory study
- PNC-27Experimental anticancer peptide studied in cell and animal models. No human trials have been run.
- Prostamax (KEDP)Khavinson bioregulator peptide studied in prostate tissue research.Animal study
- SLU-PP-332 (Exercise Mimetic)Experimental compound studied as an exercise mimetic in mice. Not a peptide; no human data exists.Animal study
- SS-31 (Elamipretide)Mitochondria-targeting peptide that binds cardiolipin; the furthest advanced in clinical trials of its class.Controlled clinical trial
- Testagen (KEDG)Khavinson bioregulator peptide studied in testicular tissue research.Review or meta-analysis
- Thymalin (Thymus Extract)Peptide extract from calf thymus, studied in Russian immune and ageing research since the 1970s.
- Vesilute (ED)Khavinson bioregulator dipeptide studied in bladder and urinary tract research.
- Vesugen (KED)Khavinson bioregulator tripeptide studied in blood vessel and vascular ageing research.Review or meta-analysis
- Vilon (KE)The shortest Khavinson bioregulator — two amino acids — studied in immune and ageing research.